When making the comparison between a person being arrogant or confident, we must look at the fundamental differences and similarities between the two. A key to remember is that while all arrogant people are confident, all confident people are not arrogant.
Confident
Confidence is shown when a person is self-assured, and has no uncertainty about his abilities. The actions of a confident individual are often seen as bold and sometimes daring. Confidence in its regular context is not seen as a negative characteristic; it is favored amongst most because it shows self-reliance.
Arrogant
While arrogant people are confident, they are viewed as excessively so. In fact, one meaning for the word "arrogant" is "overconfident." According to Merriam-Webster, arrogance is the display of an offensive attitude of superiority. Arrogance is not seen as a positive attribute, and is frowned upon by most, unlike confidence.
Examples
An example where the specific dynamics of the arrogant and confident characteristics are seen is in athletic teams. When there is a player that is talented, yet feels he is above the rest of the team and treats his teammates as inferior, that player is seen as displaying arrogant behavior. On the other hand, a confident player will behave like fearless team leader, yet treat the rest of the teams as equals.
Effects
The effects of arrogant behavior are usually quite negative. People who are arrogant tend to offend those they encounter, thus making their overbearing personalities difficult for some to tolerate. Adversely, confident individuals are often admired for their bold and assertive personalities.
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